Because hereditary foundation away from salinity threshold was polygenic in fact it is mediated of the many emotional responses thus low-invasive high throughput real time spectral imaging can be used for connection degree off physiological and you may biochemical traits/situations. Such as method for the rice to have salinity response research has shown genomic countries toward different chromosomes as well as their association with various time and amount outlines of salinity. Like, chromosome step three and you can chromosome step 1 are firmly with the early gains impulse and you can handling ionic worry within very early progress phase because of the change during the fluorescence move, respectively (Malachy mais aussi al. 2015). Therefore it can be determined that both invasive and non-intrusive tips features their specific pros and cons with regards to spatial variability regarding sodium shipping, precision handle and you may monitoring inside the hydroponics and you may absolute floor system, environment disturbance, water control, ground and you may water average, appropriateness getting seedling, reproductive and seed products picking phase etc. Thus, a particular phenotyping methodology shall be opted according to the needs, genetic character and you may quantum of your reproduction contours, technology and you will financial feasibility aside from the measure and rapidity of testing.
Through an F2 population derived from salt tolerant mutant and sensitive genotype, Zhang et al. (1995) found that enhanced salt tolerance was governed by a major tolerant gene which showed incomplete dominance. By using a doubled haploid population Prasad et al. (2000) mapped 7 QTLs for tolerance to salinity stress at seed germination and seedling stages. (2001) revealed that the QTLs for Na and K uptake were found on different rice chromosomes. Lin et al. (2004) through a cross Nona Bokra (salt tolerant) x Koshihikari (sensitive) varieties detected 3 QTLs on chromosomes 1, 6 and 7 accounting for the number of survival days of seedlings under salt stress. Later in the same mapping population, Ren et al. (2005) discovered a QTL SKC1 accounting for about 40% phenotypic variation in shoot for the K mining ability under salt stress. Takehisa et al. (2004) also reported QTLs on chromosomes 2, 3 and 7 for stable tolerance to saline flooded conditions through backcross-inbred lines derived from Nipponbare (moderately salt-tolerant variety, as recurrent parent) and Kasalath (salt sensitive). From the mapping population derived from salt-tolerant japonica rice (Jiucaiqing) and sensitive indica variety (IR26), Wang et al. (2012) mapped 6 large effect QTLs and concluded that one QTL caused decreased Na + concentration in shoots which could be a strong candidate gene for ) located two QTLs viz. qST1 and qST3 respectively on chromosomes 1 and 3 for seedling stage tolerance through RILs developed from Milyang 23 x Gihobyeo cross.
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Am) mapped a major QTL for multiple salt tolerance parameters on chromosome 8 and three other major QTLs for Cl ion concentration through F2–step three mapping population derived from CSR27 (tolerant) X MI48 (sensitive) cross. Subsequently through RILs derived from the same population, 8 significant QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 1, 8 and https://datingranking.net/love-ru-review/ 12 including an important QTL for higher spikelet fertility at reproductive stage salt tolerance on chromosome 8 (Pandit et al. 2010). In another study, five major QTLs with considerable effects for root and shoot traits under salt stress were reported (Sabouri and Sabouri 2008). Ahmadi and Fotokian (2011) identified a major QTL on chromosome 1 conferring higher K + mining ability under salt stress. Ghomi et al. (2013) conducted the QTL analysis of physiological traits related to salt tolerance using F2:cuatro population developed from a cross between a tolerant variety (Gharib) and a sensitive variety (Sepidroud) and reported 41 QTLs for 12 physiological traits under salinity stress. In other studies, many new QTLs for seedling stage tolerance have been mapped in rice (Alam et al. 2011; Lee et al. 2007; Pushpara). Through an association mapping involving 347 global rice germplasm lines, Cui et al. (2015) discovered a total of 40 markers of which 25 and 15 were associated with tolerance to salinity and alkalinity, respectively wherein 3 markers were common for both salinity and alkalinity stress tolerance. Molla et al. (2015) studied a total of 220 salt responsive genes and employed 19 primer sets to detect polymorphism across tolerant and sensitive groups and revealed the utility of salt responsive candidate gene based SSR (cgSSR) markers for distinguishing tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Recently, Bizimana et al. (2017) mapped 20 new QTLs located on chromosomes 1,2,4,6,8, 9 and 12 in a novel source Hasawi, a Saudi landrace which could diversify the nature of salt tolerance. (2017) identified 11 loci on chromosomes 1,5,6,11 and 12 containing 22 important SNPs conferring tolerance at seed germination stages and concluded that japonica types have better salt tolerance than indica types. Regarding wild relatives of rice, a study conducted in Oryza rufipogon identified four QTL clusters located on chromosomes 6,7,9 and 10 explaining 19 to 26% phenotypic variation for root and shoot traits under salt stress (Tian et al. 2011). Kaur et al. (2016) have performed a meta-analysis of many known genes for controlling salt tolerance in rice to prioritize candidate genes. In our overall compilation, maximum number of salt tolerance associated QTLs are reported on chromosome 1, followed by 3, 4, 6, 7, 2 and 9 (Additional file 1 Table S1).